{"version":"https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1","title":"Qualebook","description":"Quality checklist for digital books - Rule database","home_page_url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/","feed_url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/","items":[{"title":"Copyright and reuse information is available","date_published":"2024-02-23T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-02-23T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/001/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/001/","abstract":"Users must be informed of the rights governing the reuse of content for both legal and structural clarity.","categories":["rights management"],"agrege":null,"description":"Rule #01","actif":"1","tags":["Legality"],"objectif":["Inform users about the conditions under which content is published.","Clarify the terms for copying and reusing content."],"Meo":["State the copyright and reuse rights for all book components on dedicated, clearly labeled pages, such as copyright and credits pages."],"Controle":["Check that full copyright and reuse statements are included on dedicated pages accessible via the Table of Contents or through landmarks."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The ebook specifies its text and data mining (TDM) and usage rights.","date_published":"2025-01-28T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-28T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/002/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/002/","abstract":"Text and Data Mining (TDM) is used by both private and public entities to analyze large volumes of data, including copyrighted content like ebooks. Because these techniques are subject to legal conditions, mass processing requires a way to quickly identify works where TDM is restricted or prohibited by rights holders.","categories":["rights management"],"agrege":null,"description":"Rule #02","actif":"1","tags":["Legality"],"objectif":["Inform indexing systems whether Text and Data Mining (TDM) is authorized or prohibited for the ebook's content."],"Meo":["For EPUB 3 files where TDM rights are reserved, add the `tdm:reservation` metadata to the OPF file. If a license is available online, provide its URL using the `tdm:policy` metadata.","Follow the [TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep)](https://www.w3.org/community/reports/tdmrep/CG-FINAL-tdmrep-20240510/) recommendation for implementation examples involving EPUB 2 and PDF files.","Include a written statement regarding the publisher's TDM policy on the copyright page to ensure the policy is clear to both human readers and automated systems."],"Controle":["Check for the `tdm:reservation` and `tdm:policy` metadata and ensure they match the statements provided on the copyright page."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["https://www.w3.org/community/reports/tdmrep/CG-FINAL-tdmrep-20240510/"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production","Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The source code of each book section includes metadata describing its content","date_published":"2025-01-28T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-28T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/003/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/003/","abstract":"Digital books are split into individual resources, generally representing specific portions of the work (a page, a chapter, etc.), known as `Content Documents`. Each resource file must include metadata in its source code to describe it or provide information about it. This is the description metadata which, as its name implies, describes the page.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":null,"description":"Rule #03","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Enable search and indexing tools to extract information about page content.","Enhance content processing by search engines and indexing tools.","Improve the search results."],"Meo":["During content creation, draft a short description for each portion of the book.","During production, populate the `\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"...\"\u003e` tag, or a functionally equivalent element, with a description of the content."],"Controle":["Inspect the source code of each page (using browser developer tools, for example) to ensure the `\u003cmeta name=\"description\" content=\"...\"\u003e` tag or an equivalent is present.","Check that the text within this tag accurately describes the page content, either specifically or generically."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[HTML Living Standard Meta Description](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#meta-description)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Dates use explicit and unambiguous formats","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/004/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/004/","abstract":"Does '12/11/10' refer to November 12, 2010, or December 11, 2010? Users should never have to guess the meaning of a date due to regional formatting differences.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4004-E004","description":"Rule #04","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Prevent confusion regarding date meanings.","Improve the clarity and reusability of the content."],"Meo":["Ensure the month is written in full (e.g., 'December') or abbreviated (e.g., 'Dec.'), rather than as a number.","Provide the full four-digit year. Ensure this requirement is integrated into automated content management systems."],"Controle":["Identify pages containing dates.","Check that the month is written in words (full or abbreviated) rather than as a number.","Verify that the year is displayed using four digits instead of two."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The first occurrence of an abbreviation or acronym provides its expanded form.","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/005/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/005/","abstract":"Abbreviations and acronyms are common in technical and administrative content. Defining them helps ensure the ebook remains clear and understandable for all readers.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4005-E005","description":"Rule #05","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility"],"objectif":["Provide quick access to the meaning of abbreviations and acronyms.","Enable automated content processing, such as the generation of an index of terms.","Improve content discoverability and SEO.","Enhance accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide the full meaning of an abbreviation or acronym at its first occurrence in the book or chapter.","Include the expanded form directly in the text (e.g., 'DTD (Document Type Definition)'), link to a glossary, or use the HTML \u003cabbr\u003e element with a title attribute.","Note that this requirement only applies to the first instance of the term."],"Controle":["Identify abbreviations and acronyms on each page and verify that their full meaning is provided at their first occurrence.","Check that the definition is provided either directly in the text, via a link to a definition or glossary, or using the HTML \u003cabbr\u003e element with a title attribute."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 3.1.4: Abbreviations (Level AAA)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#abbreviations)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production","Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Provide a publication date for content that requires it","date_published":"2024-12-04T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-04T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/006/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/006/","abstract":"The publication date is essential for understanding the context in which the work was published.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4006-E006","description":"Rule #06","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Allow readers to put the information into context.","Build trust in the content and facilitate accurate citations."],"Meo":["Display a publication date for all relevant content (e.g., articles, news, or products)."],"Controle":["Check that a publication date is displayed for all content that requires it."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Identify and include glossaries, bibliographies, or indexes as navigation landmarks.","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/007/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/007/","abstract":"Providing semantic identification and navigation landmarks for supplements like glossaries, indexes, and bibliographies is essential for ensuring quick access and effective use by assistive technologies.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4007-E007","description":"Rule #07","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","usability"],"objectif":["Ensure intuitive and rapid navigation to key sections such as glossaries, indexes, and bibliographies.","Strengthen semantic accessibility and information discovery for all users, including those using assistive technologies.","Improve the overall usability of the digital publication by providing efficient access to definitions and references."],"Meo":["In the `nav.xhtml` file, create a dedicated navigation section for landmarks using a `\u003cnav\u003e` tag with the `epub:type=\"landmarks\"` attribute. Inside this tag, list links to the book's key sections. Each link (`\u003ca\u003e`) must have an `epub:type` attribute that semantically identifies the destination (e.g., `glossary`, `index`, `bibliography`).","Assign the corresponding DPub ARIA role (`doc-glossary`, `doc-index`, or `doc-bibliography`) to the HTML element containing the content in its respective XHTML file, in addition to using the `epub:type` attributes in the navigation document.","Consider providing a mechanism, such as a tooltip, to display definitions for technical or specialized terms, starting at least from their first occurrence in each section of the book."],"Controle":["Verify that any existing glossaries, bibliographies, or indexes appear as corresponding landmarks in the reading system's navigation panel.","Confirm the presence of appropriate ARIA roles by reviewing the ACE report, inspecting the source code, or testing with assistive technology."],"Source":["Qualebook"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB 3.3 section 7.4.4 The landmarks nav element](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-nav-landmarks)","[Digital Publishing WAI-ARIA Module 1.1)](https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria-1.1/)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Identify advertising or sponsored content as such","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/008/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/008/","abstract":"To maintain editorial integrity and reader trust, advertising or sponsored content must be explicitly distinguished from editorial content using a clear label.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4008-E008","description":"Rule #08","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","Legality"],"objectif":["Enable immediate identification of advertising or sponsored content.","Prevent confusion between editorial and promotional material.","Mitigate risks associated with conflicts of interest."],"Meo":["Label advertisements with a term that clearly identifies them (e.g., \"Advertisement\", \"Ad\", \"Sponsored content\").","Visually separate advertising from the rest of the content whenever possible."],"Controle":["Locate any advertising content.","Verify that all advertising areas are visually distinct from the rest of the content and include a label that identifies them unambiguously, such as the word \"Advertisement\" displayed above or below the relevant content."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Every chart and graph is accompanied by its numerical data","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/009/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/009/","abstract":"Understanding charts and graphs often depends on access to the raw data. Providing this data ensures access to information when the visual representation is inaccessible or difficult to read.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4012-E009","description":"Rule #09","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Improve the comprehension of charts and graphs.","Facilitate data sharing.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities.","Enhance content discoverability for search engines and indexing tools."],"Meo":["Identify every graphic representing numerical data (line charts, diagrams, bar charts, pie charts, etc.).","Provide all represented numerical data in a structured format, such as a data table, in the immediate vicinity of the graphic.","Alternatively, provide a link to the corresponding data in the immediate vicinity of the graphic."],"Controle":["Check that every chart and graph is accompanied by structured content showing all its numerical data or a link to a page providing this data."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Metadata describes the nature of the book's content","date_published":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/010/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/010/","abstract":"Providing descriptive metadata helps users understand the book's content, facilitates search and discovery, and improves accessibility and digital library management.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4094-E010","description":"Rule #10","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","discoverability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Provide readers with an immediate overview of the book's editorial category and content."],"Meo":["Define the book metadata in the OPF file; add the \u003cdc:description\u003e tag to the metadata section to provide a comprehensive description of the ebook's content."],"Controle":["Check the OPF file to ensure the \u003cdc:description\u003e metadata is present and relevant."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["EPUB 3 specification","Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)","Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Identify the target audience for ebooks restricted to or intended for specific users","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/011/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/011/","abstract":"Identifying the target audience is essential when content is designed for specific demographics. For instance, the target audience for a children's non-fiction book is a child, whereas an adult is the target for a book containing graphic violence.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4095-E011","description":"Rule #11","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","Legality"],"objectif":["Manage user expectations.","Inform and warn users."],"Meo":["Include the specific audience information in the ebook metadata.","Display the target audience information on the ebook's presentation or title page."],"Controle":["Ensure the metadata specifies the target audience.","Check that the intended audience is clearly indicated."],"Source":["Opquast","[currency symbol] SNE"],"Referentiel":["[ONIX liste 29](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/29) et [ONIX liste 28](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/28)","[Schema requiredMinAge](https://schema.org/requiredMinAge) and [suggestedAge](https://schema.org/suggestedAge)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"State the identity of the publishing house responsible for the publication.","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/012/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/012/","abstract":"In many countries, identifying the publisher is a legal requirement. Beyond compliance, providing a clear identity ensures accountability for the content and builds reader trust.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4096-E012","description":"Rule #12","actif":"1","tags":["Legality","Public trust"],"objectif":["Allow readers to clearly identify the contact or entity responsible for the content and for answering inquiries.","Foster user trust by providing direct identification of the responsible publishing house.","Improve content indexing and discoverability by search engines and metadata tools."],"Meo":["Include the name of the publishing house within the book content in a dedicated section, typically titled \"Copyright\" or \"Legal Notice,\" using the `doc-copyright` ARIA role.","Declare the publisher's name in the OPF file using the `dc:publisher` element.","Include the publisher's name in the ONIX metadata record."],"Controle":["Verify that the publisher's name is present in a clearly identified section within the book.","Check that the publisher's name appears correctly in the book info/metadata panel of an e-reading application.","Alternatively, use the Ace by DAISY report or Readium CLI output to verify these metadata fields.","Ensure that this information is present and accurate in the distributor's system.","Confirm that the publisher information is correctly displayed on retail and library lending platforms."],"Source":["Opquast","Workshops"],"Referentiel":["[ONIX list 3 code 01](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/3/01)","[Schema.org Publisher](https://schema.org/publisher)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The ebook version number is indicated","date_published":"2026-01-14T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2026-01-14T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/013/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/013/","abstract":"To ensure traceability and allow precise identification of which version of an ebook is being accessed, the file version number must be clearly indicated. This information is particularly important for corrections, updates, or errata, as it allows different versions of the same work to be distinguished while retaining the same primary identifier.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O0000-E013","description":"Rule #13","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","Usability","Discoverability"],"objectif":["Identify which version of the ebook is being accessed.","Facilitate the management of corrections and successive updates.","Ensure the traceability of content changes.","Avoid confusion between different versions of the same work.","Allow cataloging systems and reading tools to detect updates."],"Meo":["Include the required `dcterms:modified` metadata in the OPF file to specify the date and time of the last modification.","State the version number in the legal notices, preferably on the copyright page.","Update the `dcterms:modified` date for every content modification, however minor.","Document changes between versions in a release notes file or within the legal notices.","Retain the same primary `dc:identifier` for all versions of the same work, updating only the `dcterms:modified` date.","Form a unique package identifier by combining the `dc:identifier` and `dcterms:modified` values."],"Controle":["Check that the `dcterms:modified` date follows the ISO 8601 format (e.g., 2026-01-14T16:00:00Z).","Verify that a version mention is present in the legal notices or the copyright page.","Ensure consistency between the version number in the metadata and the one displayed in the content.","Verify that the `dcterms:modified` date is equal to or later than the `dc:date` publication date."],"Source":["Qualebook","SNE"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB 3.3 - Section 5.5.3.2.5 dcterms:modified](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-opf-dcterms-modified)","[Dublin Core Metadata Terms - Modified](https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/terms/modified/)","[ISO 8601 Date and Time Format](https://www.iso.org/iso-8601-date-and-time-format.html)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production","Sales \u0026 marketing"]},{"title":"Include an accessibility summary in the metadata when necessary","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/014/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/014/","abstract":"Accessibility metadata helps readers determine if an ebook meets their specific needs before purchase. Since standard metadata properties may not always fully capture all accessibility features or potential limitations, a dedicated summary field allows for a concise description to provide context not covered by other specific metadata values.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"E014","description":"Rule #14","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility"],"objectif":["Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities.","Enable distribution platforms to better communicate the accessibility features of a title."],"Meo":["Provide a description for the `accessibilitySummary` property in the OPF file.","Populate the ONIX record with the accessibility summary using code 196-92 (Accessibility summary)."],"Controle":["Ensure that a relevant accessibility summary is present in the ebook's OPF file.","Ensure that a relevant accessibility summary is included in the ONIX record (code 196-92).","Verify that accessibility information is correctly displayed on online bookstore product pages."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[Schema.org `accessibilitySummary` authoring guidance](https://w3c.github.io/publ-a11y/epub-a11y-meta-guide/1.0/draft/index.html#accessibilitySummary)","[ONIX liste 196 code 92 (Addenda sur l’accessibilité)](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/92)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"The title of each Content Document identifies its specific content","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/015/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/015/","abstract":"Reading systems use section titles to track progress and include them when exporting annotations. Assistive technologies also rely on these titles to improve navigation and orientation throughout the book.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4098-E015","description":"Rule #15","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability","discoverability"],"objectif":["Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities.","Enhance content discoverability for search engines and indexing tools."],"Meo":["Provide a descriptive \u003ctitle\u003e element for every Content Document, including the name of the work."],"Controle":["Check that each Content Document has a \u003ctitle\u003e element within the \u003chead\u003e section.","Verify that the \u003ctitle\u003e text is not empty and clearly identifies the specific section, such as the chapter title."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[WCAG](../../glossary#contentdocument)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"The ebook is clearly identified by a visible EAN or ISBN-13 code","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/016/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/016/","abstract":"A valid EAN code ensures the official identification of the product and its availability across international indexing and referencing systems.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4101-E016","description":"Rule #16","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","discoverability","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Provide unique and standardized identification for the ebook throughout distribution, commercial management, cataloging, and archiving workflows."],"Meo":["Display the EAN or ISBN-13 code in the legal notices, product page, or technical metadata. This information is mandatory for commercial publications.","Ensure the EAN code complies with GS1 specifications and is included in ONIX metadata for interoperability between editorial management systems."],"Controle":["Verify that the full 13-digit EAN code is present in the EPUB/PDF metadata, on the digital cover, and within the book's technical notices."],"Source":null,"Referentiel":["ISO 2108 (ISBN)","GS1 General Specifications"," [liste 15, code 5](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/15/5)","[EPUB 3.3 section 5.5.3.1.1 The dc:identifier element](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-opf-dcidentifier)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production","Sales \u0026 marketing","Distribution"]},{"title":"The ebook specifies the permissions and restrictions regarding text and data mining (TDM).","date_published":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/017/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/017/","abstract":"Text and data mining (TDM) involves extracting and analyzing large quantities of text and data to derive actionable insights. Defining granted permissions is essential to facilitate the legal and ethical use of content.","categories":["rights management"],"agrege":"E017","description":"Rule #17","actif":"1","tags":["Legality"],"objectif":["Specify the conditions under which content can be mined for text and data analysis.","Promote the ethical and responsible use of data."],"Meo":["Use the `tdm:reservation` and `tdm:policy` meta properties.","For EPUB files, provide TDM permissions via metadata in the OPF file or dedicated XML files.","For PDF files, include TDM permissions within the XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform) metadata."],"Controle":["Verify the presence of `tdm:reservation` and `tdm:policy` metadata in the OPF file (for EPUB) or the XMP metadata (for PDF).","Ensure that this metadata is consistent with the statements on the copyright page or within the legal notices."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Content credits are provided","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/018/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/018/","abstract":"Clearly identifying the author of a work is essential for establishing credibility and accountability. It also allows readers to recognize and search for other works by the same author.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4105-E018","description":"Rule #18","actif":"0","tags":["Public trust"],"objectif":["Identify the people who contributed to the work clearly.","Establish content credibility and accountability by indicating who produced it.","Help interested readers find other works by the same authors."],"Meo":["Include the names of contributors on the book's cover.","Indicate the author's name in the OPF file using the dc:creator element.","Provide the author's name in the ONIX metadata record."],"Controle":["Check for the author's name on the cover.","Ensure the author's name is visible in the book's metadata within a reading app.","Alternatively, use the ACE report or Readium Go Toolkit output to verify these details.","Verify that the information is present and correct on distribution channels.","Check retail and lending platforms to ensure the information is accurate."],"Source":["Workshops"],"Referentiel":["[ONIX Liste 17](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/17)","[Schema.org Creator](https://schema.org/creator)","[Schema.org Contributor](https://schema.org/contributor)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The ebook includes the publisher's address","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/019/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/019/","abstract":"Standard publishing practices recommend including the publisher's address to ensure professionalism and credibility. Furthermore, in many countries, national laws governing publication and legal deposit mandate specific information to be included in publications, including the publisher's address.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4107-E019","description":"Rule #19","actif":"0","tags":["Legality","Public trust"],"objectif":["Comply with legal requirements.","Allow users to contact the publisher."],"Meo":["Include the publisher's address on the copyright page."],"Controle":["Verify that the publisher's address is present on the copyright page."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Chapters and book sections are identified using ARIA roles and EPUB types","date_published":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/020/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/020/","abstract":"While chapters are visually distinguished through styling, assistive technology users require programmatic identification of these structures. Using ARIA roles and EPUB types ensures that navigation and semantic meaning are preserved. This semantic structure also facilitates future content updates and maintenance.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4109-E020","description":"Rule #20","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Ensure that assistive technologies can navigate and interpret the book's structure.","Provide clear identification for chapters and other book sections."],"Meo":["Apply appropriate ARIA roles and EPUB types to identify various sections of the book, such as chapters.","Document the ARIA roles used and their implementation to simplify maintenance and future updates."],"Controle":["Use assistive technologies such as NVDA, JAWS, or VoiceOver to navigate the book and verify that sections are correctly identified."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)","[[EPUB Type and ARIA Rol (Cf. [[EPUB Type and ARIA Role Authoring guide](https://w3c.github.io/epub-specs/epub33/epub-aria-authoring/)]"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production","Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Provide a link to each standard or accessibility profile the ebook claims to follow.","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/021/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/021/","abstract":"Explicitly declaring the standards and accessibility profiles followed by an ebook allows distributors, retailers, and librarians to efficiently categorize, validate, and audit files. This streamlines the publishing workflow while enhancing the publisher's transparency and credibility.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4110-E021","description":"Rule #21","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","Ecodesign","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Facilitate the verification of declared standards and accessibility profiles.","Ensure the ebook actually complies with the stated standards and profiles.","Provide stakeholders with quick and direct access to information regarding standards and guidelines.","Build reader trust by demonstrating compliance with recognized industry standards."],"Meo":["Identify and verify all standards and accessibility profiles implemented in the ebook.","Document these standards in the ebook metadata using the `dcterms:conformsTo` property in the OPF file and the relevant ONIX codes."],"Controle":["Verify that each link to a standard or profile is functional and points to the correct documentation.","Periodically review declared standards and profiles to ensure they remain relevant and up to date."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production","Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Mark every decorative image as such","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/022/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/022/","abstract":"Ebook reading systems often include text-to-speech (TTS) features. When images have text alternatives, these are read aloud, which can disrupt comprehension or become frustrating when the images are purely decorative. To ensure a smooth reading experience, decorative images must be correctly identified so they can be ignored by assistive technologies.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4111-E022","description":"Rule #22","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Prevent users who cannot perceive images (such as those using text-to-speech, screen readers, or immersive reading modes) from being distracted by irrelevant information.","Ensure search engines and indexing robots process only relevant information.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities.","Enhance content discovery and indexing for search engines and digital tools."],"Meo":["Provide an empty alt attribute `alt=\"\"` for every decorative `img` element.","Assign `role=\"presentation\"` to every decorative element."],"Controle":["Check the attributes of images that do not convey information necessary for understanding. This can be performed by inspecting the code or by reviewing the image table in the ACE accessibility report."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Every linked image includes a text alternative describing the link's function.","date_published":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/023/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/023/","abstract":"Images may contain URLs that direct users to other pages or external websites. In these instances, the destination of the link must be identified. Common examples include a publisher's logo linking to their homepage, license badges pointing to legal terms, or QR codes leading to online resources.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4112-E023","description":"Rule #23","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Indicate the function of the link instead of just describing the image content.","Improve accessibility for people with disabilities.","Make navigation paths explicit.","Enable users to understand the purpose of the image and the destination of the URL.","Ensure proper indexing and processing by reading systems."],"Meo":["Describe the action triggered by clicking or activating the image.","Avoid generic phrases like \"click here\".","Provide the target page or the link's purpose within the \"alt\" attribute of the \"img\", \"object\", or \"canvas\" element."],"Controle":["Check that the alt attribute for every \"img\", \"object\", or \"canvas\" element used as a link specifies the destination or purpose.","Verify the text alternative for any other element acting as a link."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Informative images include a text alternative","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/024/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/024/","abstract":"Informative images include illustrations (paintings, drawings, photos, comics, maps, timelines, labels, etc.) as well as charts, diagrams, infographics, and data tables. These images convey information that is either essential or complementary to the surrounding text. Consequently, these images must be accompanied by a description.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4113-E024","description":"Rule #24","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Readability"],"objectif":["Enable users in situations where images are not perceptible (speech synthesis, screen readers, immersive reading) to understand the meaning of images they cannot see."],"Meo":["Provide each relevant `img` element with an `alt` attribute that conveys the same information, or provide an adjacent link that serves the same purpose within the immediate context of the image. In the latter case, the text alternative may indicate the presence of this description and link to it."],"Controle":["Check that the `alt` attribute of each relevant `img` element reproduces the information conveyed by the image.","Verify the presence and relevance of any extended descriptions where applicable.","Ensure that the content remains understandable in the absence of the image."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["WCAG"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Image resolution and file size are optimized for quality and performance","date_published":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/025/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/025/","abstract":"Modern reading systems include features to zoom into images using a dedicated viewer. To ensure this feature is effective, images must have sufficient resolution for clarity without unnecessarily increasing the ebook's file size. It is also important to consult distributor specifications, which may include specific requirements.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4114-E025","description":"Rule #25","actif":"0","tags":["Accessibility","Readability","Ecodesign"],"objectif":["Reduce data download requirements.","Improve page rendering speed.","Decrease the energy footprint of digital reading.","Provide flexibility for viewing and zooming images.","Ensure performance and compatibility across various reading systems."],"Meo":["Optimize images by selecting appropriate resolutions (typically 72 to 150 DPI) and formats (JPEG for photos, PNG for transparency, SVG for vector graphics).","Use compression tools to reduce file size without perceptible loss of quality.","Review distributor specifications to comply with their specific technical requirements."],"Controle":["Check that images display and zoom smoothly across multiple reading systems, targeting a maximum zoom level of at least 200%."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSG) 2.15 All images must be optimized for sustainability](https://w3c.github.io/sustainableweb-wsg/#all-images-must-be-optimized-for-sustainability)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Embedded elements provide appropriate fallbacks","date_published":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/026/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/026/","abstract":"Some ebooks contain non-native interactive or scripted elements—such as canvas, iframes, or widgets—that may not be supported by all reading systems. Providing fallback content prevents these elements from disappearing or rendering incorrectly.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4115-E026","description":"Rule #26","actif":"1","tags":["Ecodesign","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Ensure access to information for users whose reading systems do not support specific technologies.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide fallback content for specific elements (including form interactions or external resources) so they can be rendered as a replacement if the reading system cannot display them.","For EPUB files, link fallback content within the spine or within the specific elements they represent."],"Controle":["Check that the ebook remains readable and usable on legacy reading systems or when JavaScript is disabled.","Verify that 'object' or 'canvas' elements are either not essential for understanding or have a text alternative."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-resource-fallbacks"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Provide a text transcript for all audio and video content","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/027/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/027/","abstract":"Audio and video content must be accompanied by a text transcript of dialogues and relevant sounds.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4116-E027","description":"Rule #27","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility"],"objectif":["Provide a text-based alternative for media content.","Enable content indexing and searching within the reading system.","Allow for translation using linguistic tools."],"Meo":["Provide a transcript for every audio and video file. This can be a full transcript (including dialogue and descriptions of relevant sounds) or a summary that reflects all essential information.","Ensure the transcript is either displayed on the same page as the media content or is immediately accessible via a link located near the media."],"Controle":["Check all pages containing multimedia content and verify that a transcript or a direct link to one is provided in the immediate context of each audio or video element."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Videos include synchronized captions","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/028/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/028/","abstract":"Captions are essential for users who are deaf and helpful for those who cannot use audio. They can also be accessed by screen readers.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4117-E028","description":"Rule #28","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility",""],"objectif":["Allow people who are deaf or cannot use audio to follow video content comfortably with a synchronized visual alternative, without needing an external transcript.","Ensure video content is accessible."],"Meo":["Provide synchronized captions for all video content, ensuring they accurately reflect at least all spoken information."],"Controle":["For each video containing speech, check that synchronized captions are available and convey the spoken content."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Audio and video content durations are provided","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/029/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/029/","abstract":"Indicating the length of audio or video content helps users estimate the time required for playback and decide whether to proceed.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4118-E029","description":"Rule #29","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility",""],"objectif":["Provide users with the information needed to make an informed decision before playing or downloading content.","Improve ebook accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide the duration for every audio or video content item."],"Controle":["Check that the duration of each audio or video item is provided before playback.","Ensure the indicated duration matches the actual length, accurate to the second or rounded up to the nearest minute."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Videos are triggered by user action","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/030/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/030/","abstract":"Avoid video autoplay, as it can disrupt the reading experience and pose risks for sensitive users.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4119-E030","description":"Rule #30","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility",""],"objectif":["Allow users to control the visual interface while reading the ebook.","Ensure animated content is not played without user consent.","Improve content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Avoid unsolicited video autoplay.","Do not include elements that trigger uncontrollable video playback, such as HTML \u003cvideo\u003e elements with the 'autoplay' attribute or without the 'controls' attribute."],"Controle":["On every page containing video, check that no video content starts automatically when the page loads.","Verify that video content is not triggered in an unpredictable manner."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Audio content is triggered manually","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/031/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/031/","abstract":"To ensure user comfort and respect, audio content must not play automatically.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4120-E031","description":"Rule #31","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility",""],"objectif":["Allow users to control the volume during playback.","Prevent unexpected audio playback that could disrupt or startle the user.","Improve accessibility for users with disabilities, particularly those using screen readers."],"Meo":["Ensure the HTML \u003caudio\u003e element includes the \"controls\" attribute and excludes the \"autoplay\" attribute.","Add the \u003cmeta property=\"schema:accessibilityHazard\"\u003enoSoundHazard\u003c/meta\u003e metadata to the OPF file."],"Controle":["Verify that no audio content starts playing automatically when the page or document is opened."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Animations, audio, and flashing content can be paused","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/032/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/032/","abstract":"Ensuring that users can pause animated GIFs, jingles, and other visual or audio animations improves comfort and focus for all users.","categories":["images and media"],"agrege":"O4121-E032","description":"Rule #32","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility",""],"objectif":["Ensure manual control over animations.","Allow step-by-step consumption of sequential animations or audio content.","Make controls accessible to people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Avoid using animated graphics that cannot be fully controlled by the user (particularly animated GIFs).","Provide playback controls (e.g., play, pause, and volume) for visual animations longer than 5 seconds or audio clips longer than 3 seconds.","Include the following metadata in the OPF file: `\u003cmeta property=\"schema:accessibilityHazard\"\u003enoFlashingHazard\u003c/meta\u003e`, `\u003cmeta property=\"schema:accessibilityHazard\"\u003enoMotionSimulationHazard\u003c/meta\u003e`, and `\u003cmeta property=\"schema:accessibilityHazard\"\u003enoSoundHazard\u003c/meta\u003e`."],"Controle":["On every page containing visual animations or audio, verify that the content can be paused, restarted, or silenced (check for pause, restart, and volume controls where applicable)."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Technical specifications are provided","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/033/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/033/","abstract":"Providing the file size, format, and EPUB version ensures an accessible reading experience and compatibility with various reading systems.","categories":["identification","performance and compatibility"],"agrege":"O4122-E033","description":"Rule #33","actif":"1","tags":["discoverability"],"objectif":["Improve user experience by providing essential download and readability information.","Anticipate compatibility between the EPUB file and the reading system.","Increase the transparency and interoperability of EPUB content."],"Meo":["Provide the following technical specifications: file size, format (reflowable or fixed-layout), and EPUB version (e.g., 3.2) via ONIX metadata (use ProductFormDetail for format, ProductFormFeature for EPUB version, and FileSize for file size)."],"Controle":["Check that the values for ProductFormDetail, ProductFormFeature, and FileSize are accurate and match the actual file."],"Source":["Qualebook"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":[""]},{"title":"Provide international country codes for all phone numbers","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/034/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/034/","abstract":"Ebooks are globally portable; including standardized international country codes ensures phone numbers remain functional regardless of the reader's location.","categories":["internationalization"],"agrege":"O4123-E034","description":"Rule #34","actif":"1","tags":["Usability"],"objectif":["Allow users to dial contact numbers immediately, regardless of their location or context of use."],"Meo":["Prefix every phone number with the two-digit international country code preceded by a plus sign (e.g., '+33' for France). Replace the leading zero, often used in domestic dialing, with the country code.","Format the phone number as a sequence of digit pairs separated by non-breaking spaces (\u0026nbsp;). The first group must contain the plus sign and the country code, followed by a single digit for the area/network prefix to ensure consistent formatting (e.g., '+33\u0026nbsp;1\u0026nbsp;00\u0026nbsp;00\u0026nbsp;00\u0026nbsp;00')."],"Controle":["Identify all phone numbers in the content.","Check that each number starts with a plus sign followed by a two-digit country code (e.g., '+33').","Verify that the leading zero (domestic prefix) has been removed and replaced by the country code.","Ensure the number is formatted as a sequence of digit pairs separated by non-breaking spaces, where the first group is the country code and the second group contains a single digit (e.g., '+33\u0026nbsp;1\u0026nbsp;00\u0026nbsp;00\u0026nbsp;00\u0026nbsp;00')."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Specify the country for every postal address","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/035/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/035/","abstract":"In a global distribution context, any postal address included in the ebook must explicitly mention the country to eliminate geographic ambiguity.","categories":["internationalization"],"agrege":"O4124-E035","description":"Rule #35","actif":"1","tags":["Usability"],"objectif":["Enable immediate and unambiguous identification of the country for each postal address, removing the need to infer it from the city, region, postal code, or phone number."],"Meo":["Explicitly include the country name in text format for every postal address present in the ebook."],"Controle":["For every postal address, ensure that the country is explicitly listed in text format, directly following the address details."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The source code of each content document identifies its primary language","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/036/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/036/","abstract":"Screen readers and braille displays may not automatically detect a book's primary language. Providing this information in the source code for each section ensures the content is processed and rendered correctly.","categories":["internationalization"],"agrege":"O4125-E036","description":"Rule #36","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Ensure screen readers use the correct pronunciation for the content.","Facilitate automatic translation.","Improve content indexing based on language."],"Meo":["Add the `lang` attribute to the root `html` element of the Content Document to specify the primary language of the text.","Ensure the language code complies with the IANA Language Subtag Registry. In practice, for English, use `lang=\"en\"` in HTML or both `lang=\"en\"` and `xml:lang=\"en\"` in XHTML. If the language varies within the book, use the `lang` attribute (and `xml:lang` for XHTML) on specific elements to indicate language shifts within a section.","Apply the `lang` attribute to elements such as `p`, `div`, or `span` to signal passages in a different language (e.g., `\u003cp lang=\"fr\"\u003e`). If the primary language changes across different parts of the content, define the `lang` attribute (or `xml:lang` for XHTML) on parent elements like `head`, `body`, or `title` to specify the dominant language for those sections."],"Controle":["Check that the root `html` element of the Content Document includes the `lang` attribute (e.g., `lang=\"en\"`) and, for XHTML, the `xml:lang` attribute to indicate the primary language.","Ensure the `xml:lang` attribute is present in XHTML documents to maintain compatibility with legacy systems and tools requiring this specification.","Verify that the `lang` attribute is used on relevant elements (e.g., `p`, `div`, `span`) for any multilingual content to indicate language changes within the document.","Confirm that the language for metadata and content in sections such as `head`, `title`, and `body` is explicitly defined with the `lang` attribute to ensure linguistic consistency.","Verify that language codes comply with the IANA Language Subtag Registry and match the content's language. Note that generic codes like `mul` (multiple languages) and `und` (undetermined) must not be used. Additionally, while `xml:lang` can supplement the `lang` attribute, it is not sufficient on its own to meet this requirement."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":true,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Identify the primary language of a link's destination when it differs from the current page","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/037/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/037/","abstract":"Users must be notified of the language of a link's target content before activation. This advance notice prevents confusion, improves the reading experience, and facilitates navigation, particularly for those using assistive technologies.","categories":["internationalization"],"agrege":"O4126-E037","description":"Rule #37","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Help readers and reading systems, such as text-to-speech tools, anticipate language changes during ebook navigation.","Prevent accidental navigation to content in an unfamiliar language by signaling it in advance."],"Meo":["Include the target language directly in the link text, written in that target language, to signal the change.","Signal the target language using an appropriate icon or visual indicator with descriptive alternative text.","Explicitly mention the target language within the link text or its immediate context."],"Controle":["Identify links where the destination content or document is in a different language from the current section.","Verify that for each of these links, the target language is clearly indicated through the link text, a visual indicator, or explicit text in the surrounding context."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Every change of language is indicated","date_published":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-09T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/038/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/038/","abstract":"Indicating every language change is essential for readability and accessibility. It allows assistive technologies and text-to-speech software to select the appropriate voice and adjust pronunciation correctly, ensuring a better reading experience for everyone.","categories":["internationalization"],"agrege":"O4127-E038","description":"Rule #38","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability","Readability"],"objectif":["Ensure accurate speech or Braille output of the content.","Ensure compliance with the typographical rules of the language being used."],"Meo":["Use the lang attribute on HTML tags to indicate a change of language within an EPUB file."],"Controle":["Check samples by inspecting the source code or by testing with a reading tool's text-to-speech feature.","Use language detection tools to automate the identification process."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Every link includes a text label in the source code","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/039/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/039/","abstract":"A link consists of at least a URL and a label. Links without labels lack meaning and risk being missed or misunderstood by users and assistive technologies.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4131-E039","description":"Rule #39","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Readability","Usability"],"objectif":["Prevent potential confusion regarding the purpose of links.","Ensure links remain visible when CSS styles or background images are not rendered.","Improve content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide a text label for every link between the opening and closing \u003ca\u003e tags or, if necessary, via the text alternative of an \u003cimg\u003e or \u003cobject\u003e element. Do not hide the text label from display to replace it with CSS styles like background images."],"Controle":["Identify all links.","Check that every text-based link contains readable text, even when styles (color, formatting) are disabled.","Verify that every link consisting solely of an image or equivalent content provides a clear text alternative, even when styles are disabled."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Each link label describes its function or the nature of the target content","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/040/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/040/","abstract":"A link label must specify its target, whether it is another paragraph within the ebook, a URL, an external resource, or a JavaScript animation.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4132-E040","description":"Rule #40","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability","Public trust"],"objectif":["Enable precise identification of the link's nature and prevent errors.","Enable assistive technologies to explicitly indicate the target.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Clearly indicate the target page content, the link function, or its behavior within the link text (the text between the `\u003ca href\u003e` and `\u003c/a\u003e` tags) or within the alternative text of an image placed between these tags."],"Controle":["For each link (text or image), check that the link text clearly indicates what happens when clicked: content type, destination, or action performed.","When the link is an image, ensure that the image's alternative text fulfills this purpose and clearly describes the destination or function of the link."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Ensure links with the same function have consistent colors, styles, and behaviors across all documents","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/041/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/041/","abstract":"Maintaining consistency between a link's appearance and its function helps users understand and navigate the ebook's internal interface more easily.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4133-E041","description":"Rule #41","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Readability","Usability"],"objectif":["Improve the identification of links and their respective functions."],"Meo":["Apply consistent styling—including color, font weight, case, and underlining—to groups of links that serve the same function."],"Controle":["Check that links with the same function (such as inline links, footnote references, or social media links) have a consistent visual presentation throughout the ebook."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"AI-generated content is clearly identified","date_published":"2025-07-31T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-31T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/052/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/052/","abstract":"Ensure transparency for readers when content has been generated, modified, or enhanced by artificial intelligence. This identification distinguishes human-created content from AI-involved content, fostering trust and providing a better understanding of the information.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"00000-E051","description":"Règle n°52","actif":"0","tags":["Public trust"],"objectif":["Ensure transparency regarding the origin of the content.","Allow readers to clearly distinguish between human-made and AI-generated or modified content.","Foster trust and improve the reader's understanding of the information provided."],"Meo":["Clearly and explicitly label any content generated, modified, or enhanced by AI (e.g., 'AI-generated content,' 'Image modified using AI').","Ensure the identification method is consistent throughout the book and, if applicable, the entire series.","Mention the specific AI tool or model used (optional but recommended)."],"Controle":["Perform regular manual checks to ensure AI-generated or modified content is correctly identified and labeled.","Audit content creation workflows to verify that AI identification is systematically integrated.","Provide a mechanism to flag content that appears to be AI-generated or modified but lacks the required identification."],"Source":[""],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Reserve underlining for links.","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/042/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/042/","abstract":"Web conventions have established a strong association between underlined text and hyperlinks. Underlining content that is not a link risks causing user confusion and frustrating, unnecessary clicks. This rule does not mandate that all links must be underlined, but rather ensures that underlining is not misused for non-interactive text.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4134-E042","description":"Rule #42","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Prevent frustrated clicks on underlined content mistaken for hyperlinks.","Improve the identification and clarity of interactive elements."],"Meo":["Do not use underlining for plain text or any elements that are not hyperlinks."],"Controle":["Identify all underlined text within each file of the ebook.","Verify that each underlined element functions as a link (e.g., by being clickable or triggering an action) to confirm it is a genuine hyperlink."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Links are visually distinct from the surrounding text","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/043/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/043/","abstract":"Content identified as a link must have styling that does not require user interaction to be recognized. Relying solely on hover or focus effects, such as a color change or underline, is insufficient for primary identification.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4135-E043","description":"Rule #43","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Enable users to easily identify links within the text flow.","Improve link visibility and usability.","Enhance content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Differentiate hyperlinks using CSS properties such as text color, background color, underlines, bold weight, borders, or font changes."],"Controle":["Identify all links within the text of each section or chapter.","Check that these links are clearly distinct from the surrounding text (e.g., through color, underlining, or other visual effects).","If links are differentiated by color alone, ensure the contrast difference is sufficient to be perceivable and that an additional visual cue appears on hover or keyboard focus."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Distinguish between visited and unvisited link styles","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/044/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/044/","abstract":"Providing visual cues to differentiate between visited and unvisited links is essential for basic reading comfort and navigation.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4136-E044","description":"Rule #44","actif":"1","tags":["Usability",""],"objectif":["Help users identify previously visited content.","Help users identify content yet to be explored.","Encourage the discovery of new content."],"Meo":["Do not apply the same CSS styles to unvisited links (a or a:link selectors) and visited links (a:visited selector)."],"Controle":["For each page containing links, check if a specific style is applied to visited links to visually distinguish them from unvisited links.","If no specific style is defined in the document, ensure that the reading system's default style still clearly identifies visited links."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Internal and external links are clearly distinguished","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/045/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/045/","abstract":"Enable users to distinguish between links pointing within the ebook and those that open external web pages in a browser.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4137-E045","description":"Rule #45","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Public trust"],"objectif":["Help users identify external links.","Warn users when they are about to leave the current page or the reading application."],"Meo":["Where applicable, indicate external links by adding 'external link' to the link text and/or using a CSS icon."],"Controle":["On every page containing hyperlinks, ensure that internal and external links are distinguished through a text label or an icon."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Links triggering external applications use descriptive labels","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/046/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/046/","abstract":"It is essential to clearly indicate when a link triggers the launch of external software or an application. Explicit labeling helps prevent user confusion and enhances the reading experience.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4139-E046","description":"Rule #46","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Allow users to anticipate the launch of another application before clicking."],"Meo":["Write descriptive link text. For example, for a mailto link, use 'Send an email' instead of 'Contact us'."],"Controle":["On every page containing hyperlinks, ensure that links opening another application are descriptively labeled."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":[""],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Downloadable file formats are indicated","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/047/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/047/","abstract":"Specifying the format of files available for download (such as PDF, DOCX, WAV, or MP4) allows users to determine if they have the necessary software or apps to open them on their reading system.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4142-E047","description":"Rule 047","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Allow users to determine if they can open the downloaded files on their reading system or device.","Reduce server load by preventing unnecessary downloads.","Improve content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["At a minimum, provide a help page indicating the file format if it is consistent across the publication. Ideally, specify the format for every individual download link."],"Controle":["For each download link, verify that the file format (e.g., EPUB, PDF, MP3) is clearly identified.","Ensure this information is provided through a help page, in the surrounding text (paragraph, list item, heading, table header), within the link text itself, via a tooltip, or through an icon with alternative text specifying the format."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Indicate the size of downloadable files","date_published":"2025-01-10T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-10T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/048/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/048/","abstract":"Providing the size of downloadable files helps users estimate download times and data consumption, preventing downloads that are unsuitable for their connection speed or available storage space.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4143-E048","description":"Rule #48","actif":"1","tags":["Usability"],"objectif":["Inform users of what to expect before starting a download, preventing surprises like longer-than-expected wait times.","Allow users to manage their resources, such as bandwidth and storage space, by knowing file sizes in advance."],"Meo":["List all available downloadable files, determine their size in kilobytes (KB) or megabytes (MB), and include this information clearly within the link text or description.","Document this practice in internal guidelines for content teams."],"Controle":["Verify that the file size is specified for every download link.","Perform regular audits to ensure that new or updated downloads comply with this requirement."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The language of downloadable files is specified when it differs from the page language","date_published":"2025-01-10T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2025-01-10T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/049/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/049/","abstract":"Specifying the language of a target file when it differs from the current page allows users to anticipate the nature of the document before downloading and ensures the selection matches their language skills.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4144-E049","description":"Rule #49","actif":"1","tags":["Usability"],"objectif":["Allow users to know what to expect before downloading a document, avoiding confusion or frustration.","Help readers quickly identify files available in their preferred language, improving the reading experience.","Reduce the risk of errors and unnecessary downloads, improving efficiency and user satisfaction."],"Meo":["Explicitly state the language of every downloadable file.","Use the lang attribute to specify the language of HTML elements, including links to downloadable files.","Clearly indicate the file's language within the link text or an associated description."],"Controle":["Ensure that every download link includes a clear indication of the file's language within the descriptive text.","Use language detection tools to partially automate this task."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Downloadable file names identify the content and the source","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/050/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/050/","abstract":"Providing clear file names that include the content type and source is essential for users to identify files once they have been downloaded and stored alongside other documents.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4145-E050","description":"Rule #50","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","Usability"],"objectif":["Improve file identification.","Prevent confusion."],"Meo":["Include the publisher's name in the filename of every downloadable file to ensure identification and traceability."],"Controle":["Check that the filename of every downloadable file produced by the publisher explicitly mentions the publisher and the nature of the content."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"All internal links in the ebook are valid","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/051/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/051/","abstract":"Maintaining valid internal links ensures a seamless and professional reading experience by preventing broken navigation.","categories":["links"],"agrege":"O4147-E051","description":"Règle n°51","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Public trust"],"objectif":["Facilitate quick access to all sections of the content.","Prevent user frustration caused by broken navigation paths."],"Meo":["Use content authoring tools that provide robust and consistent management for internal hyperlinks."],"Controle":["Regularly perform validation checks to ensure all internal links are functional."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB Accessibility 1.1](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-a11y-11/)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":false,"humancheck":false,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"The ebook is fully accessible via keyboard or assistive technology","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/053/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/053/","abstract":"Reading an ebook must be possible regardless of the user's context, including when using a keyboard or assistive technology to navigate the content.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4161-E053","description":"Règle n°53","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Enable ebook consumption regardless of the reading system or tool.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide alternative access methods for interactive elements (links, buttons, etc.) that do not use standard interaction modes."],"Controle":["Verify that all interactive elements are keyboard-accessible."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["EPUB 3 Overview - Reading order\u0026nbsp;: https://w3c.github.io/epub-specs/epub33/overview/#sec-nav","[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Keyboard Accessible ](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#keyboard-accessible)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Navigation follows a predictable order","date_published":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2023-09-28T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/054/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/054/","abstract":"Users navigate ebooks in various ways: paging through buttons or screen taps, tabbing through paragraphs, or jumping between chapters via the reading system's navigation or the ebook's internal links. To ensure a comfortable reading experience, all these methods must be supported and function predictably.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4162-E054","description":"Rule #54","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Facilitate navigation across different reading systems and access methods.","Improve content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Organize content in a logical reading order.","Provide a machine-readable Table of Contents (EPUB Navigation Document).","Include a human-readable Table of Contents within the ebook content where possible."],"Controle":["Verify the logical sequence of the document, specifically using keyboard navigation.","Ensure the Table of Contents is available and functional within the reading system."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 3.2.3 Consistent Navigation (Level AA)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#consistent-navigation)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Maintain a consistent visual design throughout the ebook","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/055/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/055/","abstract":"The visual design should reflect the structure of the work, helping readers orient themselves within the narrative progression and information hierarchy.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4175-E055","description":"Règle n°55","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Ensure consistency and continuity in the reading and navigation experience."],"Meo":["Use CSS stylesheets to ensure a consistent layout for text and other content types.","Ensure that embedded fonts are legible for all users."],"Controle":["Verify page rendering across different reading systems."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning",""]},{"title":"Color is not used as the sole means of conveying information","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/056/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/056/","abstract":"Relying solely on color to refer to content or functionality makes an ebook inaccessible. For example, distinguishing internal or external links by color alone (such as blue) prevents users of assistive technologies or those with color vision deficiencies from identifying them.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4176-E056","description":"Rule #56","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Ensure information is accessible to users whose reading tools, assistive technologies, or visual impairments (such as color blindness) prevent them from perceiving or differentiating colors.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide an alternative means of conveying information in addition to color. For example, use semantic markup (such as text styling) or include patterns, textures, or borders in maps and charts."],"Controle":["Visually compare the ebook's standard display against a version where colors are disabled (e.g., grayscale) to ensure information remains clear."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.4.1 Use of Color (Level A)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#use-of-color)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning",""]},{"title":"Content provides sufficient contrast against its background.","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/057/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/057/","abstract":"Good visual contrast is essential for readability. It ensures that text and images are easily distinguishable from their background, which is particularly critical for users with visual impairments.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4177-E057","description":"Rule 057","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Ensure high readability for all content.","Reduce cognitive load during reading.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Maintain a minimum contrast ratio of at least 3:1 between text and its background, as measured using the WCAG 2.0 algorithm."],"Controle":["During the design phase: Identify content where the contrast or brightness difference with the background might be insufficient. Use a tool such as the Colour Contrast Analyzer to calculate the ratio. Sample the foreground and background colors and verify that the resulting contrast ratio is 3:1 or higher.","After production: Use the ACE (Accessibility Checker for EPUB) tool and review the report. Check the \"Errors\" tab for \"color-contrast\" issues. Follow the manual sampling procedure described above to verify any flagged items."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#contrast-minimum)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"The character encoding is UTF-8","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/071/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/071/","abstract":"While several character encodings like ASCII or ISO 8859-1 exist, UTF-8 is the most widely used standard today. It supports a vast range of characters, including diverse languages, symbols, and special characters, ensuring consistent rendering across all platforms.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4226-E071","description":"Rule #71","actif":"1","tags":["Readability"],"objectif":["Ensure all characters are encoded using the UTF-8 standard to prevent display issues.","Guarantee accurate character representation across different devices and reading systems."],"Meo":["Configure production tools and databases to use UTF-8 as the default character encoding.","Set the charset attribute of the meta tag to UTF-8."],"Controle":["Check the source code of the EPUB's HTML pages: ensure that the \u003cmeta\u003e tag with the charset attribute is set to UTF-8 and is located within the \u003chead\u003e section."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB 3 Specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-overview-33/)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":false,"humancheck":false,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Page content and meaning remain intact when stylesheets are disabled","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/058/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/058/","abstract":"Styles define the visual presentation of content. Information must remain readable and understandable even when CSS is unavailable or disabled.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4178-E058","description":"Règle n°58","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Usability","Readability"],"objectif":["Improve content comprehension for users who access ebooks non-visually or use reading systems that do not support embedded stylesheets."],"Meo":["Apply rigorous structural (e.g., h1, h2, p) and semantic (e.g., em, strong) HTML markup to ensure content order and meaning are preserved without stylesheets."],"Controle":["Use ACE to verify the logical structure of the content (refer to the \"Outlines\" tab in the ACE report).","Verify that content remains readable; for example, ensure transparent images are still visible if their legibility depends on a CSS background-color property."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence (Level A)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#meaningful-sequence)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Do not rely solely on shape or position to identify content","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/059/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/059/","abstract":"The separation of content and presentation is a core principle of accessibility. Identifying content by its shape or position assumes that users can physically perceive these visual or spatial characteristics.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4179-E059","description":"Rule #59","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","usability"],"objectif":["Ensure users can understand information without visual access or when the visual layout is altered.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["When content is identified by a visual or spatial reference, provide a textual description and include a hyperlink to the relevant section."],"Controle":["Verify that references to the shape or position of illustrations, charts, or tables are not the sole means of identification. Ensure that unique semantic identifiers (e.g., 'See Figure 1' or 'Refer to Table A') or internal anchor links are used instead."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics (Level A)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#sensory-characteristics)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Content intended for assistive technologies is not hidden from them","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/060/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/060/","abstract":"Certain CSS properties make content invisible to both the screen and users who need to access it. It is therefore essential to use the correct methods to hide content visually while keeping it available for assistive technologies.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4180-E060","description":"Rule #60","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility"],"objectif":["Facilitate the adaptation of media rendering to user needs (font size, color adjustments, typeface, weight, justification, etc.) and various reading devices, including mobile.","Ensure content is accessible to people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Unless the content is intended to be revealed by a user action (e.g., within a tab or a dropdown menu), avoid using the `display` or `visibility` properties, the `hidden` HTML attribute, or setting `aria-hidden=\"true\"` to hide content.","Use CSS techniques that position content off-screen (such as `position` or `text-indent`) or use clipping methods to hide content visually without removing it from the accessibility tree.","Use ARIA attributes designed to provide labels or descriptions (`aria-label`, `aria-labelledby`, `aria-describedby`) as an alternative.","For form field labels, use the `title` attribute when necessary."],"Controle":["Check the generated code and CSS stylesheets for visually hidden content, excluding elements intended to be revealed by user interaction.","Ensure that content meant for assistive technologies does not use the restricted methods mentioned in the implementation guidelines."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.3.1 Info and Relationships Level A](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#info-and-relationships)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Clickable elements have a sufficient target size","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/061/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/061/","abstract":"To ensure usability on touchscreens and for users with motor impairments, interactive elements must meet standardized minimum target size requirements.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4181-E061","description":"Rule #61","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Usability"],"objectif":["Enable easy clicking or tapping of interactive elements.","Reduce accidental activations and unnecessary interactions.","Improve compatibility with reading systems, particularly on mobile devices.","Enhance content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Ensure all clickable elements (buttons, links, etc.) have a default size of at least 44 by 44 pixels."],"Controle":["Verify that the default size of every clickable element (buttons, links) is at least 44 by 44 pixels."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#target-size-minimum)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Use text instead of images for content that can be styled via CSS","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/062/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/062/","abstract":"The wide availability of screen-optimized web fonts allows for high-quality typography without needing to use images to display text content.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4182-E062","description":"Rule  062","actif":"1","tags":["Usability","Usability"],"objectif":["Improve content adaptability across different devices and accommodate user preferences, such as adjusting font size, colors, typeface, weight, and justification.","Enhance accessibility for users with disabilities.","Improve content searchability within reading tool search engines."],"Meo":["Use HTML text formatted with CSS, utilizing downloadable web fonts where necessary."],"Controle":["Visually inspect the content to identify images that consist solely of text. For each occurrence, determine if the desired visual effect could be achieved using CSS. Check both HTML images and CSS background images (e.g., text on parchment textures). Ensure that text-as-image is used only for formatting that cannot be replicated with CSS. Note: Logos and promotional graphics are exempt from this rule."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Content generated via CSS styles has an appropriate text alternative.","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/063/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/063/","abstract":"Certain CSS declarations display text or images that are invisible to user agents not supporting or rendering stylesheets. For example, if CSS is disabled, a background-image will not be visible, whereas an HTML \u003cimg\u003e element would remain accessible.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4183-E063","description":"Rule  063","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility",""],"objectif":["Ensure access to information integrated via CSS (such as background images) in environments where styles are not rendered, such as screen readers or browsers with CSS disabled.","Improve overall content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Provide a text equivalent for any essential content displayed only through CSS. This includes information conveyed by background images, content added via pseudo-elements (::before or ::after), or any visual effect that disappears when styles are deactivated."],"Controle":["Check for the use of CSS pseudo-elements (::before, ::after) and background-image properties.","Visually compare the standard display of the page with its rendering when background images are disabled.","Compare the content display with and without stylesheets to ensure all information remains available."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#non-text-content)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Provide appropriate text alternatives for icon fonts and typographic pictograms","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/064/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/064/","abstract":"Characters from icon fonts or custom font sets require text alternatives to ensure they are correctly identified and announced by assistive technologies.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4184-E064","description":"Rule #64","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Readability"],"objectif":["Prevent rendering and pronunciation errors in text-to-speech and braille displays."],"Meo":["If the reading system cannot natively recognize the character, use CSS to provide screen-reader-only text as an alternative."],"Controle":["Test the text containing these characters using the reading system's text-to-speech feature or a screen reader.","Inspect the source code to ensure that every character displayed via a custom font has a corresponding text alternative in the HTML."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A)](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#non-text-content)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Do not force justified text alignment","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/065/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/065/","abstract":"Justified text alignment is often unsuitable for screen reading, as variations in font size, typeface, and line width can create large gaps between words (rivers). Users should be able to control alignment, which is a feature supported by most modern reading systems.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4186-E065","description":"Rule #65","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Readability"],"objectif":["Improve flexibility and customization of the user experience.","Improve readability, particularly for users with dyslexia."],"Meo":["Do not use the CSS property `text-align: justify` or any equivalent."],"Controle":["Check the CSS code for the absence of `text-align: justify` rules.","Check the HTML code for the absence of `align=\"justify\"` attributes."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation](https://www.w3.org/Translations/WCAG22-fr/#visual-presentation)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Decorative capitalization uses CSS styles","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/066/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/066/","abstract":"Content can be authored in standard case and styled as uppercase via CSS. This approach preserves the ability to modify the display and ensures assistive technologies process the text correctly. Note that text displayed in all caps reduces overall readability.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O4187-E066","description":"Rule  066","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Readability"],"objectif":["Enable users to copy and paste content without preserving decorative uppercase formatting.","Allow users with reading difficulties to customize the display of text that appears in all caps."],"Meo":["Enter HTML content following standard typographic rules for capitalization (e.g., sentence beginnings, proper nouns).","Use the CSS property \"text-transform: uppercase\" for decorative styling."],"Controle":["Copy the uppercase text and paste it into a plain text editor; decoratively styled text should revert to its original case.","Verify that capitalization in the source code follows standard language conventions (e.g., acronyms or bibliographic entries may remain in uppercase)."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Style sheets are minified","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/067/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/067/","abstract":"Minification involves reducing data volume and file size by removing elements that reading systems do not require, such as whitespace, line breaks, and comments. Minified CSS files save bandwidth, which results in faster loading times and reduces the energy consumption associated with data transfer and rendering.","categories":["performance and compatibility"],"agrege":"O4222-E067","description":"Rule  067","actif":"1","tags":["Ecodesign"],"objectif":["Minimize the amount of data to be downloaded.","Improve performance.","Reduce the environmental and energy impact of reading the ebook."],"Meo":["Use dedicated tools to remove unnecessary whitespace, line breaks, and comments from CSS files."],"Controle":["Manually verify that CSS files contain no line breaks, comments, indentations, or unnecessary whitespace.","Alternatively, identify any unminified CSS files using developer tools, browser inspectors, or online validation tools."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSG)](https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#minify-your-html-css-and-javascript)","[General policy framework for the ecodesign of digital services](https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/general_policy_framework_for_the_ecodesign_of_digital_services_version_2024.pdf) (6. Has the digital service implemented compression techniques for all transferred resources under its control?)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production",""]},{"title":"Scripts are minified","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/068/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/068/","abstract":"Minification involves reducing the data volume and file size by removing unnecessary elements that the reading system does not require, such as spaces, line breaks, and comments. Minified JavaScript files save bandwidth, leading to faster load times and lower energy consumption during transfer and rendering.","categories":["performance and compatibility"],"agrege":"O4223-E068","description":"Rule #68","actif":"1","tags":["Ecodesign"],"objectif":["Minimize the amount of data to be downloaded.","Improve performance.","Reduce the energy impact of reading the ebook."],"Meo":["Use dedicated tools to remove unnecessary spaces, line breaks, and comments from JavaScript files."],"Controle":["Manually check all JavaScript files to ensure that no line breaks, comments, or indentations are present.","Or identify unminified JavaScript files using development tools (browser inspectors, online auditors, etc.)."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Sustainability Guidelines (WSG)](https://w3c.github.io/sustyweb/#minify-your-html-css-and-javascript)","[General ecodesign of digital services](https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/consultation-referentiel-ecoconception-services-numeriques_091023.pdf) (6. Does the digital service have compression techniques in place on the total of the transferred resources that it has\u0026nbsp; control?)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production",""]},{"title":"Content publication or update dates are programmatically determinable","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/069/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/069/","abstract":"Including a publication date in ebooks is highly recommended. Providing this information programmatically ensures that reading systems and search engines can identify, index, and categorize the content accurately.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O4224-E069","description":"Rule #69","actif":"1","tags":["Readability","Public trust","discoverability"],"objectif":["Provide publication dates to reading systems and indexing tools.","Improve content categorization and ranking within reading applications."],"Meo":["Use the dc:date metadata element to specify the publication date.","Use the dcterms:modified metadata element to indicate the date of the last modification made to the file."],"Controle":["Check that the dc:date metadata is present and accurate.","Verify that the dcterms:modified metadata is present and correctly reflects the last update."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"The source code of each page includes metadata defining the character set","date_published":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-22T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/070/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/070/","abstract":"Without a defined character set, reading systems may misinterpret or incorrectly render certain characters.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4225-E070","description":"Règle n°70","actif":"1","tags":["Readability"],"objectif":["Ensure that text is displayed correctly across all pages."],"Meo":["Include a metadata tag specifying the character encoding in the `\u003chead\u003e` section of every page."],"Controle":["Check the source code of the EPUB's HTML pages to ensure a `\u003cmeta\u003e` tag with a `charset` attribute is defined within the `\u003chead\u003e` section."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[HTML5 Specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/)","[Extensible Markup Language (XML)](https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":false,"humancheck":false,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Page content is organized according to a hierarchical structure of headings and subheadings","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/072/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/072/","abstract":"Headings and subheadings provide a clear and hierarchical organization of the content for each page of the book.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4227-E072","description":"Rule #72","actif":"1","tags":["Readability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Improve navigation by presenting content in a structured and logical manner."],"Meo":["Use HTML tags `h1`, `h2`, `h3`, `h4`, `h5`, and `h6`.","Include at least one `h1` on every page.","Maintain a consistent hierarchy: do not skip heading levels (e.g., an `h2` heading should not be followed directly by an `h4`)."],"Controle":["Verify that an `h1` heading is present.","Ensure that the `h1-h6` hierarchy is respected without skipping heading levels."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Visually presented lists use appropriate semantic markup in the source code","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/073/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/073/","abstract":"Content often requires enumerating items using various bullet points or dashes. In HTML, these lists must be structured using semantic tags to ensure they are correctly interpreted by assistive technologies and user agents.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4228-E073","description":"Règle n°73","actif":"1","tags":["Readability"],"objectif":["Improve text readability.","Provide semantic structure to list content."],"Meo":["Use \u003cul\u003e for unordered lists and \u003col\u003e for ordered lists to wrap list content, and use \u003cli\u003e for each list item. Use CSS to define the visual appearance of bullets or numbering.","Mark up description or definition lists using the \u003cdl\u003e, \u003cdt\u003e, and \u003cdd\u003e tags."],"Controle":["Inspect the HTML source code of the EPUB. Verify that all lists are wrapped in \u003cul\u003e, \u003col\u003e, or \u003cdl\u003e tags and that each item is contained within the corresponding \u003cli\u003e, \u003cdt\u003e, or \u003cdd\u003e tags."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Each HTML identifier is unique within a Content Document","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/074/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/074/","abstract":"Using identifiers allows specific elements to be distinguished within a digital book. These IDs must be unique within the document to ensure proper structure and behavior.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4229-E074","description":"Rule #74","actif":"1","tags":["Readability"],"objectif":["Prevent rendering and display issues.","Ensure reliable access to specific identified elements."],"Meo":["Assign unique IDs to elements in the HTML code and ensure that no identifier is reused within the same page."],"Controle":["Check the source code of the EPUB Content Document to verify that no HTML identifier is used more than once."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[HTML5 Specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/)","[Extensible Markup Language (XML)](https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Data table cells are associated with their headers","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/075/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/075/","abstract":"Digital books often contain data structured in tables. Beyond the content of individual cells, the table layout conveys information by establishing relationships between data points. These tables must be properly marked up to ensure these relationships are accessible.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4236-E075","description":"Rule #75","actif":"1","tags":["Readability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Allow assistive technologies to present table data intelligibly by conveying the logical relationships between content and headers.","Improve content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Use the HTML \u003cth\u003e element and the scope attribute to mark up header cells and define their association (use scope=\"col\" for column headers and scope=\"row\" for row headers)."],"Controle":["Check the source code of the EPUB HTML documents or use the ACE accessibility checker."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Data tables include descriptive captions","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/076/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/076/","abstract":"Providing captions for data tables allows users to understand the context and purpose of the information before they begin navigating the data cells.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4237-E076","description":"Rule #76","actif":"1","tags":["Readability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Enable assistive technologies to easily identify the nature of the information provided in a table.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities."],"Meo":["Include and populate an HTML \u003ccaption\u003e element for every data table.","If necessary, use a \u003ccaption\u003e element that is visually hidden while remaining accessible to assistive technologies."],"Controle":["Check the HTML source code of the EPUB pages for the presence of a \u003ccaption\u003e element for each data table. If this element is visually hidden using a CSS class, ensure it remains accessible to assistive technologies."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.3.1 Info and Relationships Level A](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#info-and-relationships)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Layout tables must maintain a logical reading order when linearized","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/077/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/077/","abstract":"Digital books may use tables for layout purposes. These presentation tables must be implemented correctly to ensure content remains comprehensible when read linearly by assistive technologies.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4238-E077","description":"Rule #77","actif":"1","tags":["Readability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Allow users of assistive technologies to navigate table content easily.","Improve content accessibility for users with disabilities."],"Meo":["Ensure that cell content remains understandable when linearized. Assistive technologies read and announce table cells (\u003cth\u003e and \u003ctd\u003e) and rows (\u003ctr\u003e) sequentially, so the logical reading order must be preserved."],"Controle":["Inspect the HTML source code of the EPUB to verify that the linear reading order of layout tables is logical."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.3.1 Info and Relationships Level A](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#info-and-relationships)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Data tables are provided in HTML format","date_published":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-09-18T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/078/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/078/","abstract":"To remain usable and accessible, data tables must be constructed using semantic HTML tags rather than inserted as images or simulated using text separators like spaces or tabs. For large or complex tables that might be poorly rendered on small screens or legacy devices, if an image is provided for visual layout, the HTML table must still be included as a long description accessible via a link.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4239-E078","description":"Rule #78","actif":"1","tags":["Readability","Accessibility"],"objectif":["Ensure the accessibility and reusability of tabular data.","Guarantee that assistive technologies and search engines correctly interpret the tables.","Allow table rendering to adapt to different screen sizes and user reading preferences such as text size and contrast.","Facilitate copying, extracting, and analyzing the data within the tables."],"Meo":["Provide structured data to the production department.","Use semantic HTML table tags (\u003ctable\u003e, \u003ccaption\u003e, \u003cthead\u003e, \u003ctbody\u003e, \u003ctfoot\u003e, \u003ctr\u003e, \u003cth\u003e, \u003ctd\u003e), and associate row/column headers using \u003cth\u003e with scope=\"col\" or scope=\"row\" attributes.","For complex tables, use the headers attribute on \u003ctd\u003e cells to link them to the IDs of their corresponding \u003cth\u003e elements.","Manage wide tables using a scrollable container by wrapping them in a div with style=\"overflow-x: auto\" to enable horizontal scrolling.","If an image of the table is included, provide a long description and make it accessible via a clear link near the image. Use the aria-details attribute on the image to reference the ID of the link or the long description section."],"Controle":["Open the EPUB in various reading systems, resize the window or change orientation, and verify that the table remains readable, the content does not shift unexpectedly, and scrollbars appear for wide tables.","Verify the presence, visibility, and relevance of the table title (\u003ccaption\u003e).","Attempt to copy and paste the table content to ensure it is copied as structured text rather than an image. The use of an image for data constitutes an error.","If a table image is present, ensure the link to the long description is visible and functional.","Inspect the source code of the EPUB's HTML pages."],"Source":["Opquast"],"Referentiel":["[HTML table elements](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/tables.html)","[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.3.1 Info and Relationships Level A](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#info-and-relationships)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"The ebook includes a compliant EPUB navigation document (`nav.xhtml`).","date_published":"2026-01-14T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2026-01-14T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/079/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/079/","abstract":"The EPUB navigation document (`nav.xhtml`) is a specialized XHTML file that provides essential navigation features, such as the Table of Contents (ToC), allowing users to navigate content quickly and easily. This document must comply with EPUB 3.3 specifications and include at least one structured Table of Contents.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O4240-E079","description":"Rule #79","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Usability","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Ensure efficient and intuitive navigation throughout the ebook.","Allow assistive technologies to present a clear navigation structure.","Improve content accessibility for people with disabilities.","Facilitate discovery and quick access to various sections of the book.","Ensure interoperability with all EPUB 3-compliant reading systems."],"Meo":["Create a file named `nav.xhtml` within the EPUB content folder.","Declare this file in the OPF package manifest using the `properties=\"nav\"` attribute.","Include at least one `\u003cnav epub:type=\"toc\"\u003e` element containing the main Table of Contents.","Structure the Table of Contents using an `\u003col\u003e` (ordered list) element with `\u003cli\u003e` elements for each entry.","Use `\u003ca\u003e` links pointing to the corresponding sections of the book.","Add a heading to the navigation (e.g., `\u003ch1\u003eTable of Contents\u003c/h1\u003e`).","Enable hierarchical entries by nesting `\u003col\u003e` lists for sub-sections.","Optionally, add other navigation types: `\u003cnav epub:type=\"landmarks\"\u003e` for landmarks, `\u003cnav epub:type=\"page-list\"\u003e` for the page list, `\u003cnav epub:type=\"loi\"\u003e` for the list of illustrations, or `\u003cnav epub:type=\"lot\"\u003e` for the list of tables.","Consider adding `epub:type=\"frontmatter\"` to the `\u003cbody\u003e` element of the navigation document."],"Controle":["Test navigation in various reading systems. Verify that all Table of Contents links work correctly and point to the intended sections.","Check that the heading hierarchy in the Table of Contents accurately reflects the book's structure.","Verify that the order of entries in the Table of Contents matches the logical reading order of the book."],"Source":["Qualebook","W3C"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB 3.3 - Section 7. EPUB Navigation Document](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-nav)","[EPUB 3.3 - Section 7.4.2 The toc nav Element](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-nav-toc)","[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.4.5 Multiple Ways (Level AA)](https://www.w3.org/Translations/WCAG22-fr/#multiple-ways)","[EPUB Packages 3.3 - Section 4.3 Manifest](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#sec-manifest-elem)"],"epubcheck":true,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production","Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Capital letters are accented","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/080/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/080/","abstract":"Accenting capital letters is essential for removing semantic ambiguity and ensuring accurate pronunciation by text-to-speech engines. Following typographical standards for uppercase letters ensures a smooth reading experience for all users.","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O0000-E080","description":"Rule #80","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Readability"],"objectif":["Avoid slowing down or obstructing the reading flow.","Ensure correct pronunciation by text-to-speech engines."],"Meo":["Review the entire text and identify any instances of unaccented capital letters.","Use modern word processing or editing software equipped with spell-check features to identify missing accents."],"Controle":["Ensure text integrity throughout every stage of the editorial process. Semi-automated checks can be performed using various language analysis tools."],"Source":["[currency symbol] SNE"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Scientific formulas are provided using the appropriate markup language","date_published":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","date_modified":"2024-12-03T00:00:00+01:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/081/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/081/","abstract":"Complex scientific formulas must be rendered accurately regardless of background color, text size, or user preferences. Using appropriate markup languages is the most effective way to ensure this. This practice also facilitates the extraction and reuse of these formulas, specifically by assistive technologies.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O0000-E081","description":"Rule #81","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Interoperability","Usability","Readability"],"objectif":["Ensure scientific formulas are readable and understandable for all users.","Guarantee the compatibility and interoperability of scientific formulas across different platforms."],"Meo":["Use MathML to mark up scientific formulas."],"Controle":["Verify that all scientific formulas are marked up using MathML."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)](https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Reproduce the source book's pagination accurately.","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/082/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/082/","abstract":"To ensure consistent referencing across different formats, the pagination from the physical source book must be replicated within the corresponding ebook.","categories":["structure and code"],"agrege":"O0000-E082","description":"Rule #82","actif":"1","tags":["Usability",""],"objectif":["Facilitate communication about a book regardless of its format.","Enable consistent referencing and citations across all book formats."],"Meo":["Include page break markers within the ebook files to signal page transitions to reading systems."],"Controle":["Verify that it is possible to navigate to a specific page number within the reading system.","Ensure that the content of the digital page matches the content of the corresponding page in the source book."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB 3 Structural Semantics Vocabulary](https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-ssv-11/#sec-pagination))"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Digital production"]},{"title":"Metadata specifies whether the full content is accessible via text or audio","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/083/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/083/","abstract":"Metadata must explicitly indicate if the content is fully accessible through alternative modes (textual or auditory). This helps blind users using assistive technologies or individuals using text-to-speech features to determine if the book meets their reading needs.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O0000-E083","description":"Rule #83","actif":"1","tags":["accessibility","Usability","discoverability"],"objectif":["Allow users to determine available reading modes in advance.","Minimize the risk of customer complaints and returns."],"Meo":["Provide metadata regarding non-visual reading and any pre-recorded audio content. This information must be included in both the ebook metadata and the corresponding ONIX record.","In EPUB, use the `accessModeSufficient` property with the values `textual` or `auditory`. Depending on the book's specific content, it may also be necessary to include `accessibilityFeature` with values such as `alternativeText`, `longDescription`, `describedMath`, or `transcript`.","In ONIX, use one or more of the following codes: List 196 code 52; List 81 codes 01 and 10; as well as codes for specific content if present: List 196 codes 14, 15, 16, and List 175 code V212.","If applicable, add this information to other metadata schemas being used. A reference crosswalk table is available in English for this purpose."],"Controle":["Verify the presence and accuracy of the `accessModeSufficient` and `accessibilityFeature` metadata within the EPUB.","Verify the presence and accuracy of the following codes in the ONIX record: List 196 code 52; List 81 codes 01 and 10; and codes for specific content if present (List 196 codes 14, 15, 16; List 175 code V212)."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[Accessibility Metadata Display Guide for Digital Publications 2.0 section 3.1 Ways of Reading](https://w3c.github.io/publ-a11y/a11y-meta-display-guide/2.0/draft/guidelines/#ways-of-reading)","[Schema.org Accessibility Properties Crosswalk](https://www.w3.org/community/reports/a11y-discov-vocab/CG-FINAL-crosswalk-20240906/)","[Accessibility metadata in ONIX (essential) PDF](https://www.editeur.org/files/ONIX%203/APPNOTE%20Accessibility%20metadata%20in%20ONIX.pdf)","[Accessibility metadata in ONIX (advanced) PDF](https://www.editeur.org/files/ONIX%203/APPNOTE%20Accessibility%20metadata%20in%20ONIX%20(advanced).pdf)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Sales \u0026 marketing"]},{"title":"Metadata specifies the presence of non-text content and its accessible alternatives","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/084/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/084/","abstract":"Digital books may contain elements other than text, such as images and multimedia. These elements must have text alternatives, and the book's metadata must clearly indicate whether these alternatives are provided.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O0000-E084","description":"Rule #84","actif":"1","tags":["Accessibility","Public trust","Discoverability"],"objectif":["Allow users to determine if the book can be fully accessed via text-to-speech or Braille.","Minimize the risk of customer complaints or refund requests."],"Meo":["Add ONIX codes such as [196 14] (for short alternative text descriptions) or [196 52] (to indicate that all non-decorative content can be read without sight).","Display this information on the book's product or description page."],"Controle":["Check that the metadata or product description indicates the presence of non-text content (e.g., images, videos, audio).","Verify that the metadata also specifies that these contents provide text alternatives that allow access to the information they contain."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["[list 196, code 14](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/14) Short alternative textual descriptions","[list 196, code 15](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/15) Full alternative textual descriptions","[list 196, code 16](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/16) Visualised data also available as non-graphical data","[list 196, code 28](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/28) Full alternative audio descriptions","[list 196, code 51](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/51) All non-decorative content supports reading via pre-recorded audio","[list 196, code 52](https://ns.editeur.org/onix/en/196/52) All non-decorative content supports reading without sight"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":true,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning"]},{"title":"Metadata must include the title, author, publisher, cover image, language, and source.","date_published":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2024-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/085/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/085/","abstract":"Users must be able to make informed decisions when purchasing, borrowing, or consulting an ebook. Providing a core set of metadata—including the title, contributors, publisher (or self-publishing credit), a cover image, the primary language, and the identifier for the original source edition (e.g., the print ISBN)—ensures transparency and usability.","categories":["identification"],"agrege":"O0000-E085","description":"Rule #85","actif":"1","tags":["Public trust","Usability","Discoverability"],"objectif":["Improve the book's discoverability.","Minimize the risk of customer complaints or returns."],"Meo":["Link the metadata information to the digital book file.","Display the metadata on the book's description or product page."],"Controle":["Check that the title is displayed by a reading system.","Check that the author's name is displayed by a reading system.","Verify that a cover image is present.","Ensure that a primary language is specified.","If applicable, verify that the identifier for the original physical version is provided."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["EPUB Measured Dublin Core source, title, language, contributor, publishing house in OPF file","ONIX TitleType 01 / TitleText","ONIX Contributor / PersonName","ONIX LanguageRole 01 / LanguageCode","ONIX RelatedMaterial / ProductRelationCode + ProductIdentifier / IDValue","Plan Qualité Dilicom (France)"],"epubcheck":null,"ace":null,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Editorial planning","Distribution"]},{"title":"The ebook includes backward-compatible EPUB 2 equivalents where necessary","date_published":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-15T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/086/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/086/","abstract":"Older reading systems may not support EPUB 3. By ensuring backward compatibility with EPUB 2, publishers ensure their ebooks remain readable for users with legacy devices.","categories":["performance and compatibility"],"agrege":"O0000-E086","description":"Rule #86","actif":"1","tags":["Ecodesign","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Ensure readability on legacy reading systems."],"Meo":["Use EPUB 2 cover metadata.","Include a Table of Contents in toc.ncx format.","Add EPUB 2 guides to mirror EPUB 3 landmarks.","Apply CSS rules to HTML5 elements to ensure they display correctly on reading systems that do not support HTML5.","Place styles for specific screen sizes or use cases, such as print or audio rendering (media queries), in a separate CSS file."],"Controle":["Check for the presence of cover metadata in the OPF file.","Verify that a toc.ncx file is present.","Check for a guide section in the OPF file.","Verify that CSS rules are provided for HTML5 elements (e.g., article, aside, details, figure, figcaption, footer, header, nav, section).","Check that CSS files are separated if the layout relies on media queries."],"Source":["[currency symbol] SNE"],"Referentiel":["[EPUB 2.0.1](https://idpf.org/epub/201)"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"Content files remain within the file size limits of legacy reading systems","date_published":"2025-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-08T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/087/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/087/","abstract":"Certain reading systems or distribution platforms impose limits on the size of individual files within an EPUB. The lowest known limit stems from legacy Adobe readers, which could not handle files exceeding 300 KB; content beyond this threshold would fail to display.","categories":["performance and compatibility"],"agrege":"O0000-E087","description":"Rule #87","actif":"1","tags":["Ecodesign","Interoperability"],"objectif":["Ensure EPUB files are compatible with legacy reading systems that have technical constraints.","Maximize interoperability across different reading tools and platforms.","Improve the performance and loading speed of EPUB files."],"Meo":["Split XHTML files into segments smaller than 300 KB."],"Controle":["Check the file size of all XHTML documents."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]},{"title":"The ebook includes all content from the corresponding print edition that can be digitally reproduced","date_published":"2025-07-31T00:00:00+02:00","date_modified":"2025-07-31T00:00:00+02:00","id":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/088/","url":"https://qualebook.edrlab.org/en/rules/088/","abstract":"When an ebook is the digital version of a print book, it must include all of its original components. Appendices, prefaces, glossaries, photo sections, and indexes must be included in the digital version, with adaptations where necessary (e.g., adding hyperlinks).","categories":["formatting"],"agrege":"O0000-E088","description":"Rule #88","actif":"0","tags":["Usability"],"objectif":["Ensure full access to content regardless of the format.","Build user confidence in the consistency between digital and print formats.","Reduce the risk of customer complaints or support requests."],"Meo":["Include all components of the print edition in the digital version.","Adapt content for the digital format where necessary (e.g., reordering sections or adding hyperlinks)."],"Controle":["Check that the ebook contains all components present in the print edition.","Verify that these elements are functional and accessible."],"Source":["SNE"],"Referentiel":["N/A"],"epubcheck":false,"ace":false,"humancheck":true,"steps":["Digital production"]}]}